Prosthetic aortic valve stenosis secondary to non-optimal surgical suture.

Reconsideration of echocardiographic standards for mitral valve prolapse: lack of association between leaflet displacement isolated to the apical four chamber view and independent echo-cardiographic evidence of abnormality. The effects of mitral annuloplasty rings on mitral valve complex 3D geometry during acute left ven-tricular ischemia. A et al. Reoperation for failure of mitral valve repair in degenerative disease: a single center experience. Effects of papillary muscle position on in-vitro dynamic strain on the porcine mitral valve. Left ventricular remodeling and mitral valve surgery: prospective study with real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography and speckle tracking. valve repair results in better right ventricular remodelling than valve replacement for degenerative mitral regurgitation: a three-dimensional echocardiographic study. The importance of papillary muscle dyssynchrony in predicting the severity of functional mitral regur-gitation in patients with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy: a two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography study. A 73-year-old male came to the emergency department with a mildly increased troponin I level (0.28 ng/mL) and normal electrocardiogram complaining of dyspnoea after having chest and back pain a few hours before. The patient had a past medical history of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension. Nine months before he had had three coronary bypasses and aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis. The transthoracic echocardiogram revealed an increased aortic gradient of 70 mmHg with a functional area of 0.6 cm 2. The transoesophageal echo-cardiogram confirmed the presence of a prosthetic 3-leaflet aortic valve with very poor leaflet motion and elevated aortic gradient; neither vegetation nor thrombus was noted (Panels A–C and see Supplementary data online, Videos S1–S3). The aortotomy performed in the operating room revealed diffuse and severe atherosclerosis in the ascending aorta, mostly located at the sinotubular junction. The aortic valve had a polypropylene purse-string suture around the apex of the struts of the valve and tied. It appears the valve was sewn-in using an endo-scopic suturing device. Prosthetic leaflets appeared stuck, thickened and covered by abundant pannus. The metal clips were removed, then the valve was debrided and excised without difficulty. The new prosthetic valve was easily seated and tied, the aorta was then closed in two layers and a warm dose of retrograde cardioplegia was administered. The post-pump transoesophageal echocardiogram showed preservation of left ventricular function, a normally functioning bio-prosthetic valve and the absence of perivalvular leaks or transvalvular regurgitation (Panel D and see Supplementary data online, Video S4).